DIFFERENTIATION OF HOMONYMS IN RELATED SLAVIC LANGUAGES

Abstract

The classification of homonyms occupies an important place in the study of the phenomenon of homonymy in any language. This is evidenced by the large number of works devoted to homonymy, in which the authors propose one or another approach to the selection of types of homonyms. The lexical-semantic structuring of homonyms is based, on the one hand, on the traditional division of them into full, when the meaning of a polysemous or unambiguous word does not match, or partial, when the differences are expressed taking into account the common elements of the semantic structure of lexical units, however, such a division does not exhaust the entire complex systematically -structural characteristics of the studied units.

The topic of Ukrainian-Czech-Polish cross-linguistic homonymy is relevant from both a theoretical and a practical point of view. From a theoretical point of view, the very definition of the concept of interlingual homonymy, that is, the “identical” sounding of words belonging to different languages, the establishment of correspondences that would make it possible to recognize two similar- sounding lexical units as interlingual homonyms seem quite interesting. From a practical point of view, it should be noted that the “insidious translator’s friends” cause many mistakes during communication or translation. Some errors arise from differences in meaning, others are purely stylistic.

Today, there is a need to study the lexical-semantic and functional-stylistic differences between closely related languages, namely between Ukrainian, Czech, and Polish languages, which are completely or partially identical in terms of expression. It is important to determine the degree of semantic distance or relatedness in cross-language homonyms of the above-mentioned languages in order to prevent unwanted translation errors in the future. Therefore, the relevance of the study is determined by the need for a clearer classification and a more complete analysis of the peculiarities of the functioning of cross-language homonyms (based on the material of the Ukrainian, Czech, and Polish languages).

Despite the large number of studies on cross-language homonymy, the causes and results of the emergence of new meanings have not yet been thoroughly studied in modern linguistics words The chosen topic belongs to a wide range of the most important modern linguistic issues related to the problems of linguistic and cultural communication, language development and its current state, lexical semantics, etc.

Scientific research is devoted to the complex structural and semantic characteristics of Czech-Polish-Ukrainian cross-linguistic homonymy.