КОНЦЕПЦІЯ РОМАНТИЗМУ ДМИТРА ЧИЖЕВСЬКОГО І КАНОНИ РАДЯНСЬКОГО ЛІТЕРАТУРОЗНАВСТВА

Abstract

The article talks about the role of D. Chyzhevsky in redefining the paradigm of Ukrainian romanticism,
since Soviet canons are still being explored in his theory and history. In particular, emphasis was placed on
confronting such ideological basis as: avoiding any mysticism; refusal of psycho-intimate immersion; the imposition
of revolutionary and democratic tendencies; pan-realism; the militant nature of romanticism and the genesis of its
origins from German idealism. Chizhevsky proposed instead: the recognition of the heart as the center of romantic
aesthetics; peculiarity and singularity of Ukrainian romantic philosophy; syncretic ideology instead of “militancy”;
giving preference to the psychological and intuitive space in romanticism; nationally creative potency and oneiric
and mystical poetry. Among the main features of “Ukrainian romanticism” is: 1) the identification of interest in the
figure and philosophy of G. Skovoroda, that is, the historical continuity of ideas, and, therefore, the inconvenience
of the emergence of romanticism; 2) the birth of Ukrainian romantic literature is connected with the development
of a certain ideology that belongs to the masses and spiritualized them; 3) nationality is a cross-cutting feature of
romantic literature; 4) the cult of antiquity; 5) the desire to get closer to the ideal of “complete” literature, create
the relations with other literatures, etc. D. Chyzhevsky distinguished three schools of Ukrainian romanticism: Kiev,
Kharkiv and Western Ukraine. Considered the representatives of the Ukrainian school of romanticism in Russia
and Poland. He gave the motivation of A. Metlynsky’s work, outside the categories of reactionary and revolutionary
romanticism (as well as other personalities). He emphasized the role of “History of Rus” and “Zaporozhian old days”
to form a romantic historical vision, that is, the principle of historicism; and considered the most expressive of the
many receptions of romanticism. Constantly stressed the tendency of romantics to God. The books of D. Chyzhevsky
went to the Ukrainian reader long and hard, however, time sets its emphasis, neglecting all authority, because only
the future knows what it will need for a new world.